A. Maluku War (Patimura)
Pattimura war in Maluku in 1817.
1. For the Public
- Oppression and exploitation by the Dutch against the inhabitants of Maluku.
- Dissatisfaction of the people of Maluku governor regulations such as the obligation to provide a boat and chop wood.
- Terms of trade monopoly that hard. For example with a hongi cruises and extirpation.
- Monitoring of security is too tight.
2. Special Cause
Resident refusal Van Den Berg to the demands of the people to pay the price of a boat that was ordered by the actual price.
3. The strategy used in the war
The people of Maluku war by guerrilla warfare and collecting boats to attack the fort Durstede in Saparua. While the colonial using massive force to recapture the fort which had been seized.
4. The characters that play a role.
A. From The People's Moluccas.
Thomas Matulesi (Patimura), Ulupaha, Paul Tiahahu, Martha Cristina Tiahahu, Anthony Reebok, Philipe Latumahina, and Said Parinta.
B. From the colonial party.
Resident Van den berg, Beetjes Major, and Lt. Col. Groot.
5. The battlefield.
Battlefield is in the Maluku islands centered around Fort Durstede Saparua.
6. End of the war.
The Netherlands launched a pitting political or divide et intera to the kings and priests in the Moluccas that the leaders of the war can be captured and hanged at Fort Victoria Niew thus ended the struggle of the people of Ambon, Maluku.
7. Result of the war.
- Politics.
The more-powerful Dutch control over the territory of the Moluccas.
- Field of Economics.
Dutch monopoly of the spice and making the boat more rampant.
B. Padri War (1821-1837)
Padri war at first was the war between the clergy who want to purify Islam back in West Sumatra on The custom to the contrary.
1. General causes.
- The conflict between the groups understand that Wahhabi teachings to purify the religion of Islam with Sufism group consisting of the nobility and traditional stakeholders.
- There are bad habits which was passed by the customs such as drinking, cock fight, gamble, smoke, etc..
- The conflict between customary law with Islamic religious law. Some of them on the customary law of matrilineal kinship system embraced Islam while in patrilineal.
- There was a struggle for influence among the indigenous with the clergy.
- The intervention of the western nations in the struggle for power is the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
2. Special cause
The meeting between the traditional with the ulama to resolve all the issues so far in Kototangah. Since that did not work, the customs were attacked by the clergy and the customary call for help to the Dutch at Padang in 1821.
3. War strategy.
In the years 1821-1825 war between the clergy with the customs, assisted by the Dutch. The cleric attacked the Dutch forts so that the Dutch took peace in 1825 due to focus on the war on Java. Later in the year 1830-1837 war raged again in the Minangkabau are now united with the clergy against the Dutch customs. The war conducted by guerrilla warfare and survive in the fortress.
4. The characters.
a. Of the Minangkabau people.
Lintau My lord, my lord Imam Bonjol, Gapuk my lord, my lord Black, Tuanku Nan Wise, and my lord Tambusay.
b. From the colonial party.
Colonel Stuers,
5. The battlefield.
Battlefield in almost all areas of West Sumatra, for example in Padang, Bukittinggi, Pariaman, etc..
6. End of the war.
After facing heavy pressure from the Dutch, Tuanku Imam Bonjol finally willing to negotiate with the Dutch. The talks failed because the Dutch had made preparations to attack and besiege the fortress where Imam Bonjol survive. Because of the protracted war and inequality of power, my lord finally gave up its remaining troops Imambonjol on October 25, 1837 then he was exiled to Manado and died there.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
The clearer and kokohnya Dutch control of areas of West Sumatra.
b. Economic Affairs.
Especially the more powerful monopoly monopoly of salt and pepper in West Sumatra.
C. Java War (1825-1830)
Java War occurred in the central and eastern Java, led by a young concubine of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III Diponegoro.
1. Common cause.
Deterioration occurs in many areas of life around the empire of Mataram.
- The coastal area in northern Javanese taken over by the Dutch.
- The narrowing of the empire and his power as well.
- The existence of divisions among the family of the kingdom of Mataram that weaken and strengthen the Netherlands.
- The decline of the royal dignity as a result of Dutch interference in government affairs.
- The drinking habits among the nobility and the people giving rise to fears of the people.
- People increasingly heavy burden after the Kingdom of the ground lease to allow foreign companies.
- Ketikpuasan the nobles on the governor-general's decision because it may not rent their land to private entrepreneurs.
2. Special Cause.
Anger Diponegoro when installing stakes Dutch railway which will pass through the land of his ancestral tomb in Tegal Rejo Diponegoro without permission.
3. War strategy.
From the Prince Diponegoro, he used the techniques of guerrilla warfare which suddenly attacked the Dutch troops then disappear. Headquarters is located in guerrilla attacks Go'a Selarong.
While the Dutch strategy are:
- Took up again the sultan Sepuh (HB II) became sultan of Mataram.
- Establish a counter-guerrilla force whose members come from Indonesia itself has berkianat a fee.
- Running Divide Et Intera Diponegoro to subordinates and with prizes for those who can mengimingi Diponegoro capture dead or alive.
- Running tactic stelsel fort. Namely by establishing forts in every area that has been mastered and the roads that connect between the fortress so that the guerrillas Diponegoro increasingly narrow.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Indonesia.
Prince Diponegoro, Suryo Atmojo Prince, Duke Kertodirjo, Prince Attack, Karto foundation, Prince Suryo Mataram, Aryo Prangwadono, Prince Notoprojo, Sentot Alibasah Prawirodirjo, Prince Joyokusumo, Arya flat, and Kiyai Mojo.
b. From the colonial party.
Governor-General Van der Capelen and General De Kock.
5. The battlefield.
Namely in the area of central and eastern Java, which include Pacitan, Purwodadi, Banyumas, Pekalongan, Semarang, Apex, and Madison.
6. End of the war.
Because it has many followers P. Diponegoro who give up and shrinking of the power, ultimately P. Diponegoro willing to negotiate with the Dutch in the Second House Resident on March 28, 1830. In the offer, the Dutch promised that if the talks fail, then P. Diponegoro can return to the battlefield. But the Dutch deny and P. Diponegoro arrested later in the exhaust to Menado and Makassar. He died on January 8, 1855 in Fort Rooterdam Napier.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Power and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Solo Sultanate to be reduced.
- Abolition of regulations that harm people. For example the abolition of excise duty gate in Yogyakarta and Solo.
b. Economic Affairs.
Dutch gain Yogyakarta and Solo, which then made the cultivation area.
c. The social field.
The existence of large losses of both life and property there are approximately 8000 people who died and 7000 Dutch Javanese who died. Costs spent no less than 20.000.00,00 Gulden.
D. Bali War (1846-1909)
Bali's War was a war between the kingdoms in the island of Bali with the Dutch colonial nation. This war happened because monarchs do not want controlled by foreign nations.
1. Common cause.
- The Netherlands was about to impose its will to abolish the rights of the rule of the kingdoms in Bali over the area.
- The kings of Bali was forced to admit the sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies government and allow the flying of flags in the territory of the Dutch kingdom.
- Traditional religious sute deemed inhumane Netherlands will be removed by the Dutch.
2. Special causes.
The Netherlands rejected the right of the right of the King Buleleng Tawan coral stating that foreign ships stranded on the coast of the kingdom will be deprived of the ship and its contents.
3. War strategy.
Dutch East Indies colonial government expedition sent troops to Bali to make the kings of Bali submission. The first expedition did not succeed then the Dutch troops are even greater. Since the defeat of number and weapons technology, Balinese people just stayed in the castle-fortress-slightly with a slight attack, and also by running the war Puputan. Ie holy war until drops of blood.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Bali.
I Gusti Ktut Jelantik and King Buleleng.
b. From the colonial Dutch.
General Micheles.
5. Battlefield.
Battlefield almost the whole island of Bali which includes Klungkung, Buleleng, coral Asem, gianyar, etc..
6. End of the war.
The fall Buleleng into Dutch hands, affecting other kings to be lenient towards the Dutch. As a result most of the kingdom in Bali can be conquered Holland in the late 19th century. In 1906 the Dutch attack on Bali's south that there getting a fierce resistance which followed the war Puputan. New in 1909 the whole of Bali can be controlled by the Dutch.
7. Consequences of war.
a. The political field.
- Mastered the whole island by the Dutch.
- Reduced power of the king in his kingdom even the king may be said to be subordinate to the Netherlands.
b. The economic field.
- Mastered the trade monopoly in Bali because Bali is a very strategic area visited by many foreign nations.
c. The social field.
- The number of social order is transformed by the Netherlands, including the abolition of customs Sute the cremation ceremony.
E. Banjar War (1859-1863).
War occurred in the kingdom Banjar Banjar area of South Kalimantan now.
1. Common cause.
- People are not happy with the rampant Dutch commercialize plantations and mines in South Kalimantan.
- The Netherlands is too much interference in the internal affairs of the kingdom.
- The Netherlands intends to master the South Kalimantan region because this region is found to mine coal.
2. Special Cause.
Because Prince Sultan Hidayatullah that should be Banjar not approved by the Dutch who later took up Tamjidilah as the Sultan is not entitled to become Sultan. Then after the Dutch Tamjidilah removed from the seat of the Sultan, the Kingdom of the Netherlands disperse Banjar.
3. War strategy.
Hidayatullah Prince and Prince Antasari using guerrilla warfare strategy by creating a new empire in the interior and building fortifications in the forests.
4. The characters.
a. Of Banjar people.
Hidayatullah Prince, Prince Antasari, Aling, Tumenggung Antaludin, Tumenggung Suropati, Demat Leman, Seman and Muhammad.
b. From the colonial Dutch.
5. Battlefield.
The combat zone in the Kalimantan region Seltan almost entirely. Included in the Barito river.
6. End war.
After the Prince and Prince Hidayatullah caught Antasari's death, continued the struggle led by Gusti Mat Seman, Gusti Acil, Gusti Arsat, and Antung Durahman. By these leaders, the people still in guerrilla with a very offensive to the Dutch until the beginning of the 20th century.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Areas south Kalimantan is fully controlled by the Dutch colonial government.
- The dissolution of the kingdom of Banjar.
b. The economic field.
- Mastered the coal mines and plantations in South Kalimantan.
F. Aceh War (1873-1904).
The war in Aceh is the longest war that is regional in Indonesia.
1. Common cause.
- There is a difference of position or status of the regions of East Sumatra.
- Aceh to be important in international shipping since the opening of the Suez Canal.
- The continued development of modern imperialism in which the imperialist nations increasingly keen to get the colonies to serve as a source of industrial materials and marketing areas.
- The expansion of Dutch politics out of Java in an attempt memwujudkan Netherlandica Pax. For in the Treaty of sumatra British promised not to hinder the Dutch.
2. Special causes.
Aceh, which would retain its sovereignty claims refuse to unrelated Dutch with foreign countries and recognize the Netherlands as a Pertuan.
3. War strategy.
In a national war, the people of Aceh, using the strategy:
- Want to be a compromise with the Dutch position in the government and society is not lost.
- Also a ploy to get the weapons from the Netherlands to guerrilla run smoothly (signed short).
To fight the religious nature of its war strategy is:
- Not willing to compromise and do not want to give up with the Dutch.
- Perform Jihad war based religious teachings.
Colonial Dutch strategy as follows:
- A massive attack against an object that was attacked.
- System stelsel concentration.
- Perform system approach is to send a scholar of Islam, Dr. Snock Hurgronje that advocates for the system divide et intera between the nobility with the clergy.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Aceh.
Daud Shah Sultan, Tengku Omar, Commander of Polim, Tengku Cik di Tiro, Tengku Baet, Cut Nyak Dien, Tengku cik ditero,
b. From the Dutch colonial government.
Cohler-General, Lieutenant General Van Suiten, Kolonen Pell, Maj. Van der Heiden, and Van der Hoven.
5. The battle field.
Battlefield that is happening all over Aceh, which includes forest areas for guerillas. Aceh's forested areas and mountainous, making it easier to carry out guerrilla warfare.
6. End of the war.
Because many of the death of the leaders who are tough cause the stronger position of the Dutch in Aceh. Also due to obey the advice of Dr. Holland. Hurgronje, so that the people of Aceh there who defected to the Dutch Netherlands, making it easier to split the Acehnese.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Fully mastered the Aceh region.
- Sultan of Aceh forced by the Dutch to sign a short plaque which reads as a Pertuan acknowledges the Dutch in Aceh.
b. The economic field.
Trade monopoly in Aceh that has a very strategic location in the Strait of Malacca.
G. Tapanuli War (1878-1907).
This war led by Si-XII Singamangaraja to.
1. Common cause.
- The king challenges Tapanuli Batak Batak who still adhered to the ancient religion (Animism dynamism) on the spread of Christianity in Tapanuli.
- The Dutch strategy to use to control the movement Zending Tapanuli.
- The reason that the Dutch used to suppress Padris fighters and leaders of many Acehnese fled to Tapanuli area.
2. Special Cause.
Rejection of King Si-XII Singamangaraja to the spread of Christianity in the region Tapanuli.
3. War strategy.
Dutch attack on the stronghold of Si Singamangaraja, after pressed Si Singamangaraja withdrew to the woods to do the guerrilla struggle.
4. The characters.
a. From the people Tapanuli.
King Si-XII Singamangaraja to.
b. From the Dutch colonial government.
Dai Van Lent and Captain Cristopher.
5. Battlefield.
Battlefields are located throughout North Sumatra around Medan and Lake Toba.
6. End of the war.
On June 17, 1907 Si-XII Singamangaraja to have been killed in the fighting that ended the war Tapanuli. Because like other regional wars, if its leaders dead or captured, the war in question will also end.
7. Result of the war.
a. Political field.
The whole area can be controlled entirely by Tapanuli colonial Dutch East Indies.
b. The economic field.
Mastered the trade monopoly there, especially the plantation such as tobacco.
c. The social field.
The spread of Christianity in Tapanuli widespread public belief that causes the change earlier.
Pattimura war in Maluku in 1817.
1. For the Public
- Oppression and exploitation by the Dutch against the inhabitants of Maluku.
- Dissatisfaction of the people of Maluku governor regulations such as the obligation to provide a boat and chop wood.
- Terms of trade monopoly that hard. For example with a hongi cruises and extirpation.
- Monitoring of security is too tight.
2. Special Cause
Resident refusal Van Den Berg to the demands of the people to pay the price of a boat that was ordered by the actual price.
3. The strategy used in the war
The people of Maluku war by guerrilla warfare and collecting boats to attack the fort Durstede in Saparua. While the colonial using massive force to recapture the fort which had been seized.
4. The characters that play a role.
A. From The People's Moluccas.
Thomas Matulesi (Patimura), Ulupaha, Paul Tiahahu, Martha Cristina Tiahahu, Anthony Reebok, Philipe Latumahina, and Said Parinta.
B. From the colonial party.
Resident Van den berg, Beetjes Major, and Lt. Col. Groot.
5. The battlefield.
Battlefield is in the Maluku islands centered around Fort Durstede Saparua.
6. End of the war.
The Netherlands launched a pitting political or divide et intera to the kings and priests in the Moluccas that the leaders of the war can be captured and hanged at Fort Victoria Niew thus ended the struggle of the people of Ambon, Maluku.
7. Result of the war.
- Politics.
The more-powerful Dutch control over the territory of the Moluccas.
- Field of Economics.
Dutch monopoly of the spice and making the boat more rampant.
B. Padri War (1821-1837)
Padri war at first was the war between the clergy who want to purify Islam back in West Sumatra on The custom to the contrary.
1. General causes.
- The conflict between the groups understand that Wahhabi teachings to purify the religion of Islam with Sufism group consisting of the nobility and traditional stakeholders.
- There are bad habits which was passed by the customs such as drinking, cock fight, gamble, smoke, etc..
- The conflict between customary law with Islamic religious law. Some of them on the customary law of matrilineal kinship system embraced Islam while in patrilineal.
- There was a struggle for influence among the indigenous with the clergy.
- The intervention of the western nations in the struggle for power is the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
2. Special cause
The meeting between the traditional with the ulama to resolve all the issues so far in Kototangah. Since that did not work, the customs were attacked by the clergy and the customary call for help to the Dutch at Padang in 1821.
3. War strategy.
In the years 1821-1825 war between the clergy with the customs, assisted by the Dutch. The cleric attacked the Dutch forts so that the Dutch took peace in 1825 due to focus on the war on Java. Later in the year 1830-1837 war raged again in the Minangkabau are now united with the clergy against the Dutch customs. The war conducted by guerrilla warfare and survive in the fortress.
4. The characters.
a. Of the Minangkabau people.
Lintau My lord, my lord Imam Bonjol, Gapuk my lord, my lord Black, Tuanku Nan Wise, and my lord Tambusay.
b. From the colonial party.
Colonel Stuers,
5. The battlefield.
Battlefield in almost all areas of West Sumatra, for example in Padang, Bukittinggi, Pariaman, etc..
6. End of the war.
After facing heavy pressure from the Dutch, Tuanku Imam Bonjol finally willing to negotiate with the Dutch. The talks failed because the Dutch had made preparations to attack and besiege the fortress where Imam Bonjol survive. Because of the protracted war and inequality of power, my lord finally gave up its remaining troops Imambonjol on October 25, 1837 then he was exiled to Manado and died there.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
The clearer and kokohnya Dutch control of areas of West Sumatra.
b. Economic Affairs.
Especially the more powerful monopoly monopoly of salt and pepper in West Sumatra.
C. Java War (1825-1830)
Java War occurred in the central and eastern Java, led by a young concubine of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III Diponegoro.
1. Common cause.
Deterioration occurs in many areas of life around the empire of Mataram.
- The coastal area in northern Javanese taken over by the Dutch.
- The narrowing of the empire and his power as well.
- The existence of divisions among the family of the kingdom of Mataram that weaken and strengthen the Netherlands.
- The decline of the royal dignity as a result of Dutch interference in government affairs.
- The drinking habits among the nobility and the people giving rise to fears of the people.
- People increasingly heavy burden after the Kingdom of the ground lease to allow foreign companies.
- Ketikpuasan the nobles on the governor-general's decision because it may not rent their land to private entrepreneurs.
2. Special Cause.
Anger Diponegoro when installing stakes Dutch railway which will pass through the land of his ancestral tomb in Tegal Rejo Diponegoro without permission.
3. War strategy.
From the Prince Diponegoro, he used the techniques of guerrilla warfare which suddenly attacked the Dutch troops then disappear. Headquarters is located in guerrilla attacks Go'a Selarong.
While the Dutch strategy are:
- Took up again the sultan Sepuh (HB II) became sultan of Mataram.
- Establish a counter-guerrilla force whose members come from Indonesia itself has berkianat a fee.
- Running Divide Et Intera Diponegoro to subordinates and with prizes for those who can mengimingi Diponegoro capture dead or alive.
- Running tactic stelsel fort. Namely by establishing forts in every area that has been mastered and the roads that connect between the fortress so that the guerrillas Diponegoro increasingly narrow.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Indonesia.
Prince Diponegoro, Suryo Atmojo Prince, Duke Kertodirjo, Prince Attack, Karto foundation, Prince Suryo Mataram, Aryo Prangwadono, Prince Notoprojo, Sentot Alibasah Prawirodirjo, Prince Joyokusumo, Arya flat, and Kiyai Mojo.
b. From the colonial party.
Governor-General Van der Capelen and General De Kock.
5. The battlefield.
Namely in the area of central and eastern Java, which include Pacitan, Purwodadi, Banyumas, Pekalongan, Semarang, Apex, and Madison.
6. End of the war.
Because it has many followers P. Diponegoro who give up and shrinking of the power, ultimately P. Diponegoro willing to negotiate with the Dutch in the Second House Resident on March 28, 1830. In the offer, the Dutch promised that if the talks fail, then P. Diponegoro can return to the battlefield. But the Dutch deny and P. Diponegoro arrested later in the exhaust to Menado and Makassar. He died on January 8, 1855 in Fort Rooterdam Napier.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Power and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Solo Sultanate to be reduced.
- Abolition of regulations that harm people. For example the abolition of excise duty gate in Yogyakarta and Solo.
b. Economic Affairs.
Dutch gain Yogyakarta and Solo, which then made the cultivation area.
c. The social field.
The existence of large losses of both life and property there are approximately 8000 people who died and 7000 Dutch Javanese who died. Costs spent no less than 20.000.00,00 Gulden.
D. Bali War (1846-1909)
Bali's War was a war between the kingdoms in the island of Bali with the Dutch colonial nation. This war happened because monarchs do not want controlled by foreign nations.
1. Common cause.
- The Netherlands was about to impose its will to abolish the rights of the rule of the kingdoms in Bali over the area.
- The kings of Bali was forced to admit the sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies government and allow the flying of flags in the territory of the Dutch kingdom.
- Traditional religious sute deemed inhumane Netherlands will be removed by the Dutch.
2. Special causes.
The Netherlands rejected the right of the right of the King Buleleng Tawan coral stating that foreign ships stranded on the coast of the kingdom will be deprived of the ship and its contents.
3. War strategy.
Dutch East Indies colonial government expedition sent troops to Bali to make the kings of Bali submission. The first expedition did not succeed then the Dutch troops are even greater. Since the defeat of number and weapons technology, Balinese people just stayed in the castle-fortress-slightly with a slight attack, and also by running the war Puputan. Ie holy war until drops of blood.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Bali.
I Gusti Ktut Jelantik and King Buleleng.
b. From the colonial Dutch.
General Micheles.
5. Battlefield.
Battlefield almost the whole island of Bali which includes Klungkung, Buleleng, coral Asem, gianyar, etc..
6. End of the war.
The fall Buleleng into Dutch hands, affecting other kings to be lenient towards the Dutch. As a result most of the kingdom in Bali can be conquered Holland in the late 19th century. In 1906 the Dutch attack on Bali's south that there getting a fierce resistance which followed the war Puputan. New in 1909 the whole of Bali can be controlled by the Dutch.
7. Consequences of war.
a. The political field.
- Mastered the whole island by the Dutch.
- Reduced power of the king in his kingdom even the king may be said to be subordinate to the Netherlands.
b. The economic field.
- Mastered the trade monopoly in Bali because Bali is a very strategic area visited by many foreign nations.
c. The social field.
- The number of social order is transformed by the Netherlands, including the abolition of customs Sute the cremation ceremony.
E. Banjar War (1859-1863).
War occurred in the kingdom Banjar Banjar area of South Kalimantan now.
1. Common cause.
- People are not happy with the rampant Dutch commercialize plantations and mines in South Kalimantan.
- The Netherlands is too much interference in the internal affairs of the kingdom.
- The Netherlands intends to master the South Kalimantan region because this region is found to mine coal.
2. Special Cause.
Because Prince Sultan Hidayatullah that should be Banjar not approved by the Dutch who later took up Tamjidilah as the Sultan is not entitled to become Sultan. Then after the Dutch Tamjidilah removed from the seat of the Sultan, the Kingdom of the Netherlands disperse Banjar.
3. War strategy.
Hidayatullah Prince and Prince Antasari using guerrilla warfare strategy by creating a new empire in the interior and building fortifications in the forests.
4. The characters.
a. Of Banjar people.
Hidayatullah Prince, Prince Antasari, Aling, Tumenggung Antaludin, Tumenggung Suropati, Demat Leman, Seman and Muhammad.
b. From the colonial Dutch.
5. Battlefield.
The combat zone in the Kalimantan region Seltan almost entirely. Included in the Barito river.
6. End war.
After the Prince and Prince Hidayatullah caught Antasari's death, continued the struggle led by Gusti Mat Seman, Gusti Acil, Gusti Arsat, and Antung Durahman. By these leaders, the people still in guerrilla with a very offensive to the Dutch until the beginning of the 20th century.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Areas south Kalimantan is fully controlled by the Dutch colonial government.
- The dissolution of the kingdom of Banjar.
b. The economic field.
- Mastered the coal mines and plantations in South Kalimantan.
F. Aceh War (1873-1904).
The war in Aceh is the longest war that is regional in Indonesia.
1. Common cause.
- There is a difference of position or status of the regions of East Sumatra.
- Aceh to be important in international shipping since the opening of the Suez Canal.
- The continued development of modern imperialism in which the imperialist nations increasingly keen to get the colonies to serve as a source of industrial materials and marketing areas.
- The expansion of Dutch politics out of Java in an attempt memwujudkan Netherlandica Pax. For in the Treaty of sumatra British promised not to hinder the Dutch.
2. Special causes.
Aceh, which would retain its sovereignty claims refuse to unrelated Dutch with foreign countries and recognize the Netherlands as a Pertuan.
3. War strategy.
In a national war, the people of Aceh, using the strategy:
- Want to be a compromise with the Dutch position in the government and society is not lost.
- Also a ploy to get the weapons from the Netherlands to guerrilla run smoothly (signed short).
To fight the religious nature of its war strategy is:
- Not willing to compromise and do not want to give up with the Dutch.
- Perform Jihad war based religious teachings.
Colonial Dutch strategy as follows:
- A massive attack against an object that was attacked.
- System stelsel concentration.
- Perform system approach is to send a scholar of Islam, Dr. Snock Hurgronje that advocates for the system divide et intera between the nobility with the clergy.
4. The characters.
a. From the people of Aceh.
Daud Shah Sultan, Tengku Omar, Commander of Polim, Tengku Cik di Tiro, Tengku Baet, Cut Nyak Dien, Tengku cik ditero,
b. From the Dutch colonial government.
Cohler-General, Lieutenant General Van Suiten, Kolonen Pell, Maj. Van der Heiden, and Van der Hoven.
5. The battle field.
Battlefield that is happening all over Aceh, which includes forest areas for guerillas. Aceh's forested areas and mountainous, making it easier to carry out guerrilla warfare.
6. End of the war.
Because many of the death of the leaders who are tough cause the stronger position of the Dutch in Aceh. Also due to obey the advice of Dr. Holland. Hurgronje, so that the people of Aceh there who defected to the Dutch Netherlands, making it easier to split the Acehnese.
7. Result of the war.
a. The political field.
- Fully mastered the Aceh region.
- Sultan of Aceh forced by the Dutch to sign a short plaque which reads as a Pertuan acknowledges the Dutch in Aceh.
b. The economic field.
Trade monopoly in Aceh that has a very strategic location in the Strait of Malacca.
G. Tapanuli War (1878-1907).
This war led by Si-XII Singamangaraja to.
1. Common cause.
- The king challenges Tapanuli Batak Batak who still adhered to the ancient religion (Animism dynamism) on the spread of Christianity in Tapanuli.
- The Dutch strategy to use to control the movement Zending Tapanuli.
- The reason that the Dutch used to suppress Padris fighters and leaders of many Acehnese fled to Tapanuli area.
2. Special Cause.
Rejection of King Si-XII Singamangaraja to the spread of Christianity in the region Tapanuli.
3. War strategy.
Dutch attack on the stronghold of Si Singamangaraja, after pressed Si Singamangaraja withdrew to the woods to do the guerrilla struggle.
4. The characters.
a. From the people Tapanuli.
King Si-XII Singamangaraja to.
b. From the Dutch colonial government.
Dai Van Lent and Captain Cristopher.
5. Battlefield.
Battlefields are located throughout North Sumatra around Medan and Lake Toba.
6. End of the war.
On June 17, 1907 Si-XII Singamangaraja to have been killed in the fighting that ended the war Tapanuli. Because like other regional wars, if its leaders dead or captured, the war in question will also end.
7. Result of the war.
a. Political field.
The whole area can be controlled entirely by Tapanuli colonial Dutch East Indies.
b. The economic field.
Mastered the trade monopoly there, especially the plantation such as tobacco.
c. The social field.
The spread of Christianity in Tapanuli widespread public belief that causes the change earlier.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar